There are a few sensors used for soil mapping, which vary in the area of measurement technique for the measuring of soil characteristics. In the case of real-time sensors, collected and interpreted data leads to an instantaneous rate application change. As the tractor passes over the field, the sensor collects data, processes it, and interprets on a soil map, thus providing multiple layer information regarding the soil. These vehicle-based sensors are located in the front of the tractor or attached on its implement, in direct contact with the soil or near its surface. It can also be used on-the-go, generating soil maps in conjunction with a GPS. They can be used to measure in real-time thus controlling the variable rate application. The results of this study show that advanced methods of remote sensing and GIS provide powerful tools not only for a better understanding of the land use changes, but also for an accurate assessment of land degradation and desertification.Sensors are a modern agricultural technology, developed to help farmers obtain faster and better results, assisting in the determination of various soil characteristics. Required samples for land cover classification of the remotely sensed data were collected during the field work, in addition to the soil samples for soil analysis. Land-use/land-cover classification and change detection were determined by using pixel-based classification procedures (maximum likelihood classification) and post classification methods respectively. In addition to the laboratory analysis, grain size index (GSI) and SMA were used for the characterization and mapping of soil erodibility. The digital elevation model (DEM) derived from ASTER data was utilized to generate the slope gradient (S) and the slope length (L).
The vegetation coverage and its current de-gradation level were investigated by spectral mixture analysis (SMA). In order to achieve an accurate evaluation and high-quality comparison of multi-temporal satellite data, imagery was firstly geometrically and atmospherically corrected and then analysed. Data were acquired at the end of the dry season. LANDSAT TM and ASTER satellite imagery of the investigated area were used for this purpose. These para-meters were adapted and integrated through remote sensing and GIS. For estimation of erosion the relevant parameters of the “Universal Soil Loss Equation USLE” were used. Particularly vulnerable are the soils with a shallow or no vegetation cover, such as the soils found in the Mediterranean hills, where olives are cultivated.įor this research the Afrin region, located in the northwest of Syria, was selected as study area, in order to analyse and assess the extent of degradation.
Soil erosion through water represents the main form of land degradation in the north-west of Syria. In the semi-arid and arid eco-climatic zones vast areas are facing desertification. The increasing anthropogenic pressure on the sensitive ecological structure of the respective area causes environmental damages, in particular degradation of soil characteristics. Intensive use of various natural resources has led to significant changes in land use pattern, especially due to use of inappropriate methods in the agricultural sector.
This has adversely affected the socio-economic and ecological development in the country. An enormous increase in population results in increased demand for food. 2.5 % p.a) the food-sector in Syria is facing in-creasing problems. AutorIn Ismail Al Mohamed Titel Erfassung und Bewertung von degradierten Böden mit Fernerkundung und GIS in Nordwest-Syrien Zitierfähige Url: Datum der Einreichung Datum der Verteidigung Abstract (EN) Due to a high population growth (approx.
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